However, high incidence of insect pests in these crops is a major constraint in achieving their potential productivity and resulting in yield instability over the years. In fact, there are wild or wild-like species more resistant to stresses or diseases than the cultivated ones. The difference in reproductive output between insect visited and visitor excluded flowers was not significant and suggests possible self-pollination in A. peglerae which is particularly unusual in Aloe species. The reduced fertility has been ascribed due to pairing abnormality and the formation of the anaphase bridges and laggards leading to the unequal distribution of the chromosome by various workers (De & Krishnan, 1967;Biswas & Dana, 1975;Anandabaskaran & Rangasamy, 1996;Kaur & Satija, 1998; Interspeci®c hybridization in the genus Phaseolus Interspeci®c hybridization of food legumes by conventional methods of plant breeding Interspeci®c crossability among four species of Vigna food legumes. (1982), L. culinaris × L. tomentosus Ladizinsky and Abbo (1993) L. culinaris × L. ervoides Cohen et al. While plethora of genes conferring resistance/tolerance to these stresses have already been transferred from cultivated germplasm, wild genetic resources offer additional sources of useful alien variation which can be incorporated in cultivated Vigna through alien gene transfer. The Urad crop is resistant to adverse climatic conditions and improves soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. Among the pollination sequences, day 2 (the day after emasculation) contributed a greater percentage progeny (45%) than day 1 (35%) or 3 (20%). Apply at “5 -30%” female bloom 100-200 gallons per acre GOOD COVERAGE 1 pouch per acre (50 grams a.i.) Seedling phenotypes were scored to determine the fraction of the progeny that resulted from each day’s pollination. In vitro raised shoots (2-3 cm) were treated with 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy, 本試驗使用千鳥草(Imperial Blauwe Spiraal(和(Imperial Karmijn Koning(兩個品種做為試驗材料，探討溫度和光線對千鳥草種子發芽的影 響，以及觀察夏季平地育苗時涼溫處理和冬季栽培時處理不同日長對千鳥 草生長和開花的影響。並探討千鳥草在平地周年栽培的可行性。千鳥草( Imperial Blauwe Spiraal(和(Imperial Karmijn Koning(兩個品種的總 發芽率(FGP)在5℃時最高，分別為90.5% 和88.8%。平均發芽天數(MGT)則 隨處理溫度的提高而縮短，其中以15℃發芽時最短，分別為16.1和16.2天 。發芽達最終發芽率50% 的天數(GT50)在10和15℃發芽時大約相等且最短 ，分別為16.1和16.2天以及15.5和15.7天。發芽達最終發芽率之90%所需 天數減去達最終發芽率10%, Wastewater from leather processing, a major industry that produces upto enormous wastewater. Mungbean Symp., Asian Vegetable Res. A good gram crop in case of desi (black varieties) gives an output of 15 to 20 quintals yield per hectare and in case of Kabuli varieties gives about 25 to 30 quintals yield per hectare. Techniques of hybrid seed production - emasculation and pollination, detasseling, male sterility, sex expression, self-incompatibility and chemical hybridizing agents. Rainfed Irrigated. The purpose was to avoid self-incompatibility after in vitro self-pollination of ovules isolated Anther position. Breeding Insect Resistant Crops for Sustainable Agriculture. It refers to unisexual flowers. J. Pubescence of epicotyl, stem, leaf margins and pod, and the colour of the mature pod, characteristics of the black gram × green gram derivative, were also expressed in the hybrid. Peak flowering activity coincided with leaf fall/leaf flushing , possibly to attract pollinators. 2007). Modes of Pollination The process by which pollen grains are transferred from anthers to stigma is referred as pollination. In Phaseolus L., improvement can be envisioned by either exploiting the primary genetic pool of the species, or the genetic variability of other species. Male sterility, self-incompatibility and their role in hybrid seed production. Hence the breeding cycles of orchid were reduced significantly. results were explained in terms of pollen viability, pollen germination on the ovule, Vegetative and reproductive phenology of 42 tree species of tropical forests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India was monitored through fortnightly visits for two years. Iriawati, H. M., T. Taniguchi, and Y. Takeoka, 1996: Ultrastructural studies on the fusion product between protoplasts of mung bean and adjuki bean. © 2013 International Formulae Group. ISSD Myanmar organized this training with the cooperation of Department of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Research and WHH. Comparing this V. vexillata linkage map with a previous linkage map of V. vexillata and linkage maps of other four Vigna species demonstrated several macro translocations in V. vexillata. The activity of fruit ripening and fruit fall was at its peak in the first rainy season in order to utilize the available soil moisture for seed germination and seedling establishment. A true-breeding black gram (Vigna mungo) x green gram (Vigna radiata) derivative was reciprocally crossed with adzuki bean, Vigna angularis. One fertile pod containing two hybrid seeds was obtained, when V. angularis was used as the male parent. Hort. Ohwi and Ohashi) ]. 2007, 2008; Hee et al. 14 No. Farmers grow black gram and green manure plant kolunchi or Purple tephrosia (Tephrosia purpurea) together at the time of harvesting paddy. 3) Study of floral structure of self pollinated crops. Many highly segregation distorted markers were found on LGs 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 11. . In addition, the hybrid exhibited two novel traits — the presence of racemose inflorescence and plant regeneration ability — not present in the parents. I. Autogamy Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of same flower is known as autogamy or self pollination. Colours of epicotyl and stem bases were found to be linked. Socio-economic status of the farmers has improved due to generation of additional income through seed production as compared to general cultivation. 04. A remarkable increase in viable seed production was found for the interspecific cross,V. The rooted shoots were hardened and observed for morphological characters. Thus, the results suggest that in black gram Mo was variably mobile, being phloem immobile at low Mo supply, but phloem-mobile in all plant parts with the possible exception of stem segments at adequate Mo supply. The study of this hybrid and four offspring revealed that green epicotyl colour of adzuki bean, and the pubescence of stem and leaf margins of the black gram × green gram derivatives were dominantly inherited traits. Pollinating agents are animals such as insects, birds, and bats; water; wind; and even plants themselves, when self-pollination occurs within a closed flower. : 307 The dot represents the main axis, green structure below is the subtending bract.Calyx (green arcs) consists of five free sepals; corolla (red arcs) consists of five fused petals.Antepetalous stamens are joined to petals by hairy filaments. Grams are annual legume crops grown for their seed. In some legumes, the stamens and stigma are enclosed by the petals in such a way that self-pollination is ensured. . Parental genotypes also affected the fertility of interspecific hybrids. Using field observation and pollinator exclusion treatments, i.e. The prominent crops and their insect pests are compiled in Table 1.This list has the insects that regularly damage crops grown in Indian agricultural farms such as cereals (rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, etc. Am. The effort, time, labor and capital investment in orchid breeding is tremendous and in most cases, only a few elite plants with desired characteristics are selected among the thousands of seedlings germinated from a seedpod. In Biology and breeding of food legumes, QTL analysis of domestication syndrome in zombi pea (Vigna vexillata), an underutilized legume crop, QTL Analysis of Domestication Syndrome in Zombi Pea (Vigna vexillata), an Underutilized Legume Crop, ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC PURITY OF INTER-SPECIFIC F1 HYBRIDS INVOLVING VIGNA RADIATA AND VIGNA UMBELLATA, Breeding for Insect Resistance in Mung Bean and Urd Bean, Ultrastructural Studies on the Fusion Product between Protoplasts of Mung Bean and Adzuki Bean Iriawati, Interspecific hybridization between mung bean (Vigna radiata) and adzuki bean (V. angularis), On the Interspecific Hybrdization between the Adzuuki Bean, Phaseolus angularis (WILLD) W.F.WIGHT and the Green Gram, Phaseolus radiatus L. : I. 24 and 48 h after pollination.One fertile pod containing two hybrid seeds was obtained, when V. angularis was used as the male parent. A legume (/ ˈ l ɛ ɡ j uː m, l ə ˈ ɡ j uː m /) is a plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seed of such a plant. Pollinated pistils were treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) (70 p.p.m.) Using one of the hybrids, Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile, as a model system, methods for in vitro flowering and in vitro pollination are described. One of these seeds germinated and a partly fertile interspecific hybrid was obtained. A linkage map with 11 linkage groups (LGs) was constructed from this F2 population using 145 SSR, 117 RAD-seq and 2 morphological markers. Learn more. The fusion product started to divide after 5 days in culture. . The plants are short with … Furthermore, a successful interspecific hybrid of V. mungo x V. angularis was accomplished through the use of intraspecific hybrid parents. " Inheritance of Protruded Stigma in Black Gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] " Save as: Reciprocal cross differences were common in all the interspecific combinations. J. Arkansas Black Pristine Smerelda Cltv. In vitro pollination of isolated ovules of Cichorium intybus L. Phenological behaviour of selected tree species in tropical forests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats,... Gamma ray induced in vitro mutations in flower colour in Grandanthema grandiflora Tzelev, GERMINATION CHANGES OF VARIETIES OF VIGNA MUNGO L. UNDER TANNERY EFFLUENT STRESS, Comparative study of reciprocal crossing for establishment of acacia hybrids. When they are pre-zygotic, the use of growth regulators during pollination is recommended. Peak activity of leaf fall and leaf emergence that occurred in the, Aseptic culture of Dendranthema grandiflora Tzelev cv. pollination and seed set viz., temperature, humidity, wind velocity, insect pollinators, and supplementary pollination. Here, stigmas remain densely and closely surrounded by anthers. Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or similar structure. We studied pollination in Aloe peglerae, a high altitude, Pollen of a Sugi clone, Kumotoosi, Cryptomeria japonica, irradiated with gamma rays from a cobalt-60 source acutely or chronically was pollinated to non-irradiated female strobili of Kuma-sugi at the Institute of Radiation Breeding in 1965. OPV* Hybrids. (i) open to all visitors, (ii) bird excluded, and (iii) all visitors excluded, we established that birds contributed significantly more to fruit (2.3–5.6 times) and seed (1.3–1.4 times) set than insect or self-pollination, respectively. Examples – … A true-breeding black gram (Vigna mungo) × green gram (Vigna radiata) derivative was reciprocally crossed with adzuki bean, Vigna angularis. The cultivated seed form is present in Africa, while the cultivated tuber form is present in a very limited part of Asia. The relevance of these results for the development of plant tests for … In this paper, we further report our experience with in vitro flowering of Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile as a model system and discuss the usefulness of in vitro flowering and in vitro pollination for the orchid industry. percentage showed significant difference between the clones but no significant difference between species. The flower opens in the morning at 7 am. Overall, pollination by opportunistic avian nectarivores amplified seed production per aloe ~7 and 10 times compared to insects and self-pollination, respectively. Tuber traits were controlled by five QTLs with similar effect locating on different linkage groups. Seedling development is described from seed germination to the establishment of several leaves on the seedling. The breeding process normally comprises of these essential stages: 1) pollination and seedpod maturation, 2) in vitro seed germination, protocorms development and growth of seedlings, 3) ex vitro establishment of seedlings and growing seedlings to maturity, and 4) assessment of flower characteristics and quality (Hee et al. i) monoecy and ii) dioecy. is the male part of a flower and transferred to the flower’s female part called the stigma Main improved attributes of mutant variety are early maturity, errect, photosensitive and determinate type. Learn about our remote access options, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur 176 062 (HP), India. This chapter outlines the sources of resistance available for major insect pests of mung bean and urd bean, mechanisms of resistance, breeding methods for evaluation of genetic resources, alien gene introgression, genetic transformation and prospects in breeding for insect resistance in mung bean and urd bean. Apple: Cross pollination always needed to produce adequate fruit crop. Crossing between a Cultivar of the Green Gram and a Semi-Wild Relative of the Adzuki Bean, in Endemic Name “Bakaso”, Interspecific Hybridization in the Genus Phaseolus1, Interspecific crossability among four species of Vigna food legumes, Influence of different shades of light on pollination, seed set and seedling behaviour in mulberry. Forced self pollination did not set seeds in these hybrids, but seeds were obtained when pollinated with ICPL 85010. . . P.M. A.M.i cent- age of total in Apply at least 2 days before or after COPPER Split applications (at half -dose) not consistently better Pod-set and percentages of pods harvested varied with the combinations of two parental cultivars of each species for most of the interspecific hybrid crosses. Plant Archives Vol. (1985), Ahmad et al. OPV* Hybrids. Mung bean and urd bean are important warm season food legumes grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and contribute significantly to the nutritional security of vegetarian people. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. (Imperial Blauwe Spiraal( and (Imperail Karmijn Koning( treated with 24h day- length were 15.4days and 17.9days to the first floret opening than treated with natural day-length.But there were both no commerical value of cut flower.The plants treated with natural day-length both had the best quality of cut flower and the hightest plant which divided into 97.8cm and 91.8cm.The plants treated with night break were earlier 7.4days and 9.9days to the first floret opening than treated with natural day-length ,but there were no significant differences in the quality of cut flower.The plants treated with sixty days of night break and natural day-length which had no significant differences in the quality of cut flower between these,but the former got the first floret opening which were earlier 6.7days and 8.7days than the later. It ensures self pollination and prevents cross pollination. Pulse crops (Red gram, Black gram and Green gram) are basically self-pollinated in nature and don’t need any external pollination practices. In the succeeding generations the hybrid condition gives way to pure breeding as a result of natural self-pollination, and families derived from different F2 plants begin to display their unique character.